Paper-making machine



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

s. s. STEVENS.

PAPER MAKING MACHINE.

No. 430,706. Patented June 24, 1890.

IN VENTOR.

WW 'smzwwa ATTORNEY.

(No Model.) S S STEVENS 4Sheets-Sheet 2.

' PAPER MAKING MACHINE. No. 430,706. Patented June 24, 1890.

WITNESSES. I INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

S. S. STEVENS.

PAPER MAKING MACHINE.

N0. 430,706. Patented June 24, 1890.

JaMATlZzw/z (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

v S. S. STEVENS.

PAPER MAKING MAGHINE. No. 430,706. Patented June 24, 1890.

[N VEN T 01? UNITED v STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAPER-MAKING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 430,706, dated June 24, 1890. Application filed May 16, 1889. Serial No. 311,012. -(No model.)

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, SAMUEL SToUcHTo STEVENS, a citizen of the United States, residing in the town of Hoosick, county of Rensselaer, and State of New York, have made certain new and useful Improvements in Paper-Making Machines; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and accurate description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which 7 Figure 1 is a view in perspective of my invention, to be attached to a paper-machine, looking from the rear end of the same. 2 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a view in perspective of the paper-machine with my device attached, looking from the front of the same. Figs. 4 .and 5 are detail views, partly in section and partly in elevation, showing detail of means for adjusting shaft D.

The same letters of reference refer to the same parts in the several figures.

The nature and object of my invention consist in a novel means for driving the different parts of a paper-machine, and by paper-machines I mean the machine used when the material to make the paper is intro duced into the machine in the form of wet pulp previously prepared for its condensation into paper and finishing the same to be put into rolls or other forms suitable for the market.

The construction of paper-machines, well known to paper-makers for the'purpose as before stated, consists of a series of operations consecutively following each other, and from the nature of the case must all be continuous in the same machine, but which may be properly described for the purposes of this specification as the sections of the machine. The first section consists in what I term the wire section, when the wet pulp is received into a wire screen made in the form of an apron of Wire-cloth, which is caused to be continuously moved by and over rollers, the meshes of the wire-cloth apron allowing a portion of the water to pass through. The second section consists in the first compressing-rollers, which receive the pulp from the wire apron after the water has been drained from the pulp sufficiently to give it consistency and adhesiveness, enough of the particles of pulp to form a sheet capable of being Fig.

drawn on a moving canvas or belt, and when under the action of the rollers the particles are compressed and a portion of the water is forced out. The third section consists in the second set of compressing-rollers, which are of the same form and perform the same offices as the first set, compressing still more the pulp or stock and expressing as much as possible the water remaining after the, action of the first set of compressing-rollers. The fourth section is composed of a series of drying-cylinders, into which heat is taken to dry out the moisture left in the sheet after the compressing-rollers have done their work. The fifth section consists in what are known as the calendering-rollers, which are for the purpose of giving, a smooth surface to the paper. The several sections are Well known in the art of paper-making, and it is not necessary to go into a more elaborate description of the details of construction of the papermachine now in common use, so far as the conjoint operations of the different sections are concerned.

It is apparent from the nature of the pro.- cess that the forming of the pulp from asubstantially liquid state at the beginning of the process, when it enters the machine, into a sheet of paper to be rolled up for market is a very delicate operation, and its handling must be done carefully. Oftentimes breaks will occur constantly and cause loss or delay. The motions of the different sections must be so timed in relation to each other as to cause the least possible danger of breaking the paper, and at the same time secure a uniform thickness.

In the papenmaohines now in use it has been found necessary to run each section independently that is to say, a speed must be maintained throughout the whole machine; but the speed of the several sections is dependent one upon the other, so that one section is required to be run faster or slower to accommodate the speed of the other sections. This has hitherto been accomplished by the use of separate belts and pulleys for each section, and when the attendant desired to move one section faster or slower he did it by putting on or taking off lags or hands from the face of the pulleys-an operation imperfect in itself, requiring time, causing delay and creating a Waste of stock.

In my machine I dispense with the use of driving-belts entirely, using gearing, which gives a positive motion and omits the delays and unnecessary use of belts, and so arranges the same that the attendant can increase or diminish the speed of any one section by the use of a hand lever or crank almost instantaneously without stopping the machine. Again, it is found necessary at times to run the whole machine faster or slower to accommodate the machines to the different kinds of paper, which adjustment of speed may be of greater range or limit than can be obtained by the changes incident to the old way of increasing or diminishing the size of the pulleys by lags or bands or in any other way. This has been done heretofore by changing what is known as the speed-gear"that is, using different sizes of gears upon the main driving-shaft. This I accomplish by placing the same device between the main shaft, which gives power to the machine, and the main shaft of the paper-machine in place of the speed-gears which I employ to regulate the speed of each section, so that the attendant can readily regulate and control all the motions necessary or desirable to be controlled 5 5 screwsthread and serves as a nut for the Inasmuch as I use the same construction without stopping the machine.

for each of the sections, I do not deem it necessary to show but one in the drawings, as;

the same description will apply equally to all.

A is a frame-work of a machine, which is i placed alongside of one of the sections of the l paper-machine, as above set forth, in a position to be connected to give motion to one of the rollers to be driven. frame-work is mounted in suitable bearings the main shaft A. mounted the gear-wheel B. On the same frame is mounted in suitable bearings the second shaft D, upon which is mounted a pinion O, which meshes into and is driven bythe gear-wheel B. This pinion is of a much 1 smaller diameter than the gear-wheel B, and these relative diameters are such as to give the right speed. The face of the pinion O is 1 made longer than the face of the gear-wheel B to allow its movement with the endwise movement of the shaft D, and at the same time to remain in mesh with gear-wheel B. On the shaft D, I also rigidly fix the conicalshaped Wheel E, with a smooth face. On the same frame I mount the two shafts G and J,

which turn in suitable bearings on the frame.

On the shaft G, at its end, is rigidly fixed the large bevel-wheel F, with a smooth face. These smooth bevel-faces of the wheels E andF bear upon each other when in opera-.

tion. The shafts D and G are both in the same plane and are at right angles to each other.

On the top of this On this shaft is securely tion will be imparted to wheel F and its shaft; but it is necessary to have the beveled faces of these two wheels, when in operation, always in contact, and to accomplish this I construct the shafts D and G and their connections so as to be capable of moving endwise in their bearings.

The box I), which supports one end of the shaft D, is made longer than the other bearin gs and extends outwardlybeyond the frame, and is also made large enough to receive a sleeve 17 which forms the bearing in which the shaft turns. In the shaft are turned one or more grooves 17 and the vsleeve which forms the bearing is provided with one or more rings or flanges 12 to correspond with the grooves 19 in the shaft, so that when the sleeve is moved endwise the shaft will have a correspondinglyv endwise movement. At the end of this bearing or sleeve I fasten in any well-known way the end of a short shaft 1), which is furnished with a screwthread, which passes through the upper portion I) of the bracket 11 and through the center of a worm-gear b, located between the end of the bracket and the end of the box. The hole in the worm-gear is furnished with a screw-thread on the shaft 17 The interior surface of the hole through which shaft b passes is furnished with a spline which fits in a groove in the shaft b. On the bracket (2 is mounted a shaft b in suitable bearings, which is provided with a worm b, which works in the worm gear-wheel b. On the other end of the shaft b which is extended across the machine to a point convenient to the attendant, is a crank When the attendant turns the crank 19 on the end of the shaft in either direction, the shaft D will be moved endwise one way or the other, and the bevel-wheel E will be moved with the shaft and assume a position either farther in or out and change the speed of wheel F, as the case may be.

On the shaft G is mounted the pinion H, of the same size and form of construction as pinion O, and on shaft J is mounted a gear- Wheel I, of the same size and form of construction as wheel 13, the pinion H giving motion to the wheel I, so that the speed of shaft J is diminished in the same ratio as the speed of shaft D is increased by the use of the gears B and O.

It is necessary for the wheel F to be as certainly driven by the gear E as if the two wheels were gear-wheels with cog-teeth meshing into each other, as any slipping which would cause the wheel F to stop or hesitate in its motion would be fatal to the proper working of the machine, as it would cause the web of paper to break, and it is for this reason that I have geared the shaftD up to a high speed, in order to increase the traction of the wheels E and F, and at the same time to keep the diameter of the wheel E and the pressure caused by the weight of a within practical IIO limits, as it is plain that the surfaces of the wheels E and F must move together and the traction of the two wheels must give the power. Then by the introduction of the wheels H and I the proper speed is given to the driving-roller of the section, and by so reducing the speed gives the Wheels E and F a more effective leverage over the force to be overcome to drive the section.

I do not mean to be understood that I deem it necessary that the proportion of the two sets of gear-wheels should bear the same relation to each other as to size, as it may in practice be convenient and necessary under certain circumstances to change them somewhat; but in the working of the machine my experience goes to show that this proportion, as shown, is nearest right.

On the end of the shaft G, I pivot'at a one arm of a bent lever a, to the end of which is hung a weight (1 which can he graduated to suit the requirements of the case, and this weight pushes the shaft G endwise, and thus pushes the face of the wheel F against wheel E. This bent lever a is supported by the rods P and P, jointed at c, and at this point the rod 0 is jointed, which extends across the paper-machine convenient to the attendant, and to the other end of this rod, at C, is attached the hinged lever N. WVhen by means of this lever the rod 0 is pulled endwise, the rods P and P are drawn straight into a vertical position, the lever and weight are held up, and the pressure contact of the wheels E and F will cease, and this section will stop.

To one end of the shaft 0 of one of the rollers of the section to be driven is coupled the shaft J, and motion is communicated to the other moving parts of the section from this roller in the well-known way. Heretofore motion has been imparted to the roller of a section from a shaft driven by a belt passing over a pulley, to be increased or diminished by lags or bands, as hereinbefore described, and the interposition of a clutch or rather a pair of clutched piecesone on the shaft and one on the rollerwhich arrangement is liable to soon wear, and also when thrown into connection gives a sudden jerking motion. By the use of my device for stopping or starting the section I am enabled to dispense with the clutch and all its attendant disadvantages well known to papermakers and couple the driving-shaft directly onto the rollershaft, which gives a constant steady motion, starting and stopping without any jerking, and avoids the wearing of the horns of the clutch.

Up to this point the description relates to the apparatus for driving one section of the paper-machine, and so far as its working and attachment are concerned the difierent sections are alike. I place substantially the change necessary being in the size and strength of the parts to perform its work.

In Fig. 1 I have shown the connection of the intermediate mechanism, and in this case A is the power-shaft, which is turned. as before, and on the shaft J is a bevel-gear K, meshing into a pinion L on shaft M, which shaft runs the whole length of the paper-machine and gives motion to all the machines provided for the different sections.

I have drawn the foregoing specification in reference to machines for making paper; but it is evident that the same device may be used for other purposes, and I therefore do not confine myself to this use.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The wheels E and F, provided with bevelfaces and rigidly fixed on their respective shafts D and G, and mechanism for moving said shafts longitudinally and at the same time hold the faces in constant yielding contact with each other for the purpose of regulating the speed of the paper-machine or a section thereof while the machine is in motion, combined substantially as described.

'2. The combination of the endwise-moving bevel-wheel E and its shaft, the endwise,

F, sliding with their respective shafts, with mechanism for driving the same, the weighted lever a, the arm and gearing h b, and levers N, connections 0, and jointed levers P and P, substantially as described.

5 The combination, with the wheel E, of the wheel F, the sliding shaft G, the bent lever a, and the weight a substantially as and for the purpose described.

6. The combination, with the wheel E, of the Wheel F, the sliding shaft A, the bent lever a, the weight a and the jointed arms P and P, forming a knee jointed support for the weight and bent lever, substantially as and for the purpose described.

7. The combination, with the wheel E, of the wheel F, the sliding shaft G, the bent lever a, the weight a the jointed arms P and P',the connecting-rod c, and the lever N, sub stantially as and for the purpose described.

SAMUEL STOUGII'ION STEVENS. Witnesses:

DANFORTH GEER, WALTER W. LOVEGROVE. 

